Alcohol biomarkers should be used for monitoring alcohol use with medical follow-up. Considering these biomarkers as the "Hemoglobin A1C" of alcohol can be a useful way of contextualizing the results with patients to support recovery.
PEth
Serum Phosphatidylethanol
Pros
Cons
EtG / EtS (Urine)
Ethyl Glucuronide or Ethyl Sulfate
Pros
Cons
Other alcohol detection methods that are less useful due to lower accuracy, cost/availability, adherence:
Serum markers (ALT, AST, GGT and MCV)
Serum levels of ethanol or methanol
Serum levels of CDT
Hair testing (EtG or FAEE)
Breath samples (for example, breathalysers or passive alcohol sensors)
Alcohol levels in saliva
Transdermal sensors